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Q. What do you mean by Computer?
Ans.: Computer: The word “computer” comes from the word “compute”, which means, “to calculate”. Hence, people usually consider a computer to be a calculating device that can perform arithmetic operations at high speed. Although the original objective of inventing a computer was to create a fast calculating device, we now define a computer is an electronic machine that stores, retrieves, and processed data. It can’t think; it only carry out instruction given to it.
Q. Write down the Characteristics of computer.
Ans.: Characteristics of Computer:
Automatic: It carries out a job normally without any human intervention.
Speed: It can perform several billion, even trillion, simple arithmetic operations per second.
Accuracy: It performs every calculation with the same accuracy
Diligence: It is free from monotony, tiredness, and lack of concentration
Versatility: It can perform a wide variety of tasks
Memory: It can store huge amount of information and can recall any piece of this information whenever required
No. I. Q.: It can’t take its own decisions, and has to be instructed what to do and in what sequence
No feelings: It can’t make judgments based on feelings and instincts
Q. What do you mean by hardware?
Ans.: Hardware: Hardware is a general term for equipment that can be touched by hand. Hardware refers to machines or physical equipment that performs the basic functions of the data processing cycle. Computer hardware refers to the physical parts or components of computer such as monitor, keyboard, hard disk, mouse, etc.
Q. What do you mean by software?
Ans.:Software: Computer software, or just software, is a collection of computer programs and related data that provides the instructions for telling a computer what to do and how to do it. Software refers to one or more computer programs and data held in the storage of the computer for some reasons.
Q. What are the five basic functions performed by a computer system?
Ans.: All computer systems perform the following five basic functions for converting raw input data into useful information and presenting it to a user:
Storing: It is the process of saving data and instructions to make them readily available for initial or additional processing as and when required.
Processing: Performing arithmetic operations (add, subtract, multiply, divide, etc.), or logical operations (comparisons like equal to, less than, greater than, etc.) on data to convert them into useful information is known s processing.
Outputting: It is the process of producing useful information or results for a user, such as printed report or visual display.
Controlling: Directing the manner and sequence in which the above operations are performed is known as controlling.
Q. What are the benefits of data processing by using computer?
Ans.: Benefits of data processing by using computer: Electronic data processing systems are built to boost productivity and to improve the quality of work. They achieve these goals in several ways.
Speed: Since a computer is an electronic device, it operates as the speed of electric flow which is measured in billionths and trillionths of a second. It is faster than any other machine designed to do similar work
Accuracy: High speed processing by computers is accompanied by high-accuracy results. The electronic circuitry of computers is such that, when the machines are programmed correctly and when relatively assured. No other system can operate with as much accuracy as the electronic system. A computer can be considered as 100% accurate. Checking
circuits are built directly into the computer, so that computer errors that are
undetected are extremely rare.
Automatic Operation: An electronic computer can carry out a sequence of many data processing operations without human intervention. The various operations are executed automatically by way of a stored computer program.
Decision making capability: A computer can perform certain decision instructions automatically. Here a decision consists of two steps.
- Determining whether a certain statement is true or false.
- Based on the result, choosing one or the other course of action out of alternatives included in the computer program.
Discipline it Imposes: To solve a problem with a computer you must, first, understand the problem, and second, program the computer to give you the right answers. Understanding a problem is one thing, but understanding it to depth of detail and insight required to program the computer is a completely different matters.
Q. Identify four categories of computer hardware.
Memory: RAM & ROM.
Input and Output: Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, Printer.
Storage: Hard Disk, CD ROM.
