Internet

Q.       What is internet?

Ans.: Internet: The Internet, sometimes called simply "the Net," is a worldwide system of computer networks - a network of networks in which users at any one computer can, if they have permission, get information from any other computer (and sometimes talk directly to users at other computers). It was conceived by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. government in 1969 and was first known as the Arpanet. The original aim was to create a network that would allow users of a research computer at one university to be able to "talk to" research computers at other universities. A side benefit of Arpanet’s design was that, because messages could be routed or rerouted in more than one direction, the network could continue to function even if parts of it were destroyed in the event of a military attack or other disaster.

Q.       Write about the major service of internet.             

Ans.: Major services of Internet:  There are a lot of things you can do on the Internet. The Internet is rich with many different free and pay-as-you-go and subscription services. These include: E-mail, news, news alerts (clipping services), weather, reference resources, entertainment guides, online games, picture and image sharing, social networking, gambling, pornography, music downloads, software of all sorts, banking, investment tracking, online shopping, and government affairs.

Q.       What is a backbone?

Ans.: Backbone: Internet is called backbone. Because its carry huge volumes of traffic Regional and local networks connect to these backbones, enabling any user on any network to exchange data with any other user on any other network.

Q.       List eight of the Internet’s major service.

Ans.: List eight of the Internet’s major service:

·         The World Wide Web

·         Electronic mail

·         News

·         File Transfer Protocol

·         Chat

·         Instant messaging

·         Online services

·         Peer-to-peer services

Q.       How was ARPANET created, and what was its goal?           

Ans.: The seeds of the internet were planted in 1969, when the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. Department of Defense began connection computers at different universities and defense contractors. The resulting network called ARPANET. The goal of this early project was to create a large computer network with multiple paths – in the form of telephone lines – that could survive a nuclear attack or a natural disaster such as an earthquake. Second important reason is for creating such a network. That is, it would allow people in remote locations to share scarce computing resources.

Q.     Describe the steps you will follow in using a search engine. Use an example from your life.

Ans.: Search engine: Search engines are programs that search documents for specified keywords and return a list of the documents where the keywords were found. A search engine is really a general class of programs; however, the term is often used to specifically describe systems like Google, Bing and Yahoo! Search that enable users to search for documents on the World Wide Web.

            Steps of using a search engine:

·         Enter your search engine web address to the url

·         Press Enter

·         Write your key word which one you want to search

·         Press Enter

·         Select hyperlink line (bold line) and click over the line

Q.       Explain with examples how Boolean operators can be used in searching the internet.

Ans.: IDENTIFY KEYWORDS: When conducting a search, break down the topic into key concepts. For example, to find information on what the FCC has said about the wireless communications industry. Example: “FCC   wireless   communication”.

BOOLEAN  AND: Connecting search terms with AND tells the search engine to retrieve web pages containing ALL the keywords. Example: “FCC   and   wireless   and   communication”. The search engine will not return pages with just the word FCC. Neither will it return pages with the word FCC and the word wireless. The search engine will only return pages where the words FCC, wireless, and communication all appear somewhere on the page. Thus, AND helps to narrow your search results as it limits results to pages where all the keywords appear.

BOOLEAN  OR: Linking search terms with OR tells the search engine to retrieve web pages containing ANY and ALL keywords. Examples: “FCC  or  wireless  or  communication”. When OR is used, the search engine returns pages with a single keyword, several keywords, and all keywords. Thus, OR expands your search results. Use OR when you have common synonyms for a keyword. Surround OR statements with parentheses for best results. To narrow results as much as possible, combine OR statements with AND statements. For example, the following search statement locates information on purchasing a used car: (car  or  automobile  or  vehicle)  and  (buy  or  purchase)  and  used

BOOLEAN AND NOT:  Tells the search engine to retrieve web pages containing one keyword but not the other. Example: “dolphins   and not   Miami”. The above example instructs the search engine to return web pages about dolphins but not web pages about the "Miami Dolphins" football team. Use AND NOT when you have a keyword that has multiple meanings. The need for AND NOT often becomes apparent after you perform an initial search. If your search results contain irrelevant results (e.g., Saturn the car rather than Saturn the planet), consider using AND NOT to filter out the undesired websites.

IMPLIED BOOLEAN:  PLUS & MINUS: In many search engines, the plus and minus symbols can be used as alternatives to full Boolean AND and AND NOT. The plus sign (+) is the equivalent of AND, and the minus sign (-) is the equivalent of AND NOT. There is no space between the plus or minus sign and the keyword.

NOTE: AltaVista's Simple Search requires the use of plus and minus rather than AND, OR, and AND NOT.

            +welding   +process

            +Saturn   -car

            couch   sofa

IMPORTANT: Use AltaVista's Simple Search for implied Boolean (+/-) searches, and use AltaVista's Advanced Search for full Boolean (AND, OR, AND NOT) searches.

Q.       What is VOIP?      

Ans.: VOIP: Voice Over Internet Protocol. A protocol that allows voice data to travel over the internet. Voice over IP (VoIP, or Voice over Internet Protocol) commonly refers to the communication protocols, technologies, methodologies, and transmission techniques involved in the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet. Other terms commonly associated with VoIP are IP telephony, Internet telephony, voice over broadband (VOBB), broadband telephony, IP communications, and broadband phone.

Q.       What isWAP?       

Ans.: WAP: Wireless Access Point. WAP is a technical standard for accessing information over a mobile wireless network. A WAP browser is a web browser for mobile devices such as mobile phones (called "cellular phones" or "mobile phones") that uses the protocol. Before the introduction of WAP, mobile service providers had limited opportunities to offer interactive data services, but needed interactivity to support Internet and Web applications such as:

·         Email by mobile phone

·         Tracking of stock-market prices

·         Sports results

·         News headlines

·         Music downloads

Q.       What are cookies?             

Ans.: A "cookie" is a small piece of information sent by a web server to store on a web browser so it can later be read back from that browser. This is useful for having the browser remember some specific information.

                  Cookies are small files which are stored on a user's computer. They are designed to hold a modest amount of data specific to a particular client and website, and can be accessed either by the web server or the client computer. This allows the server to deliver a page tailored to a particular user, or the page itself can contain some script which is aware of the data in the cookie and so is able to carry information from one visit to the website (or related site) to the next.

Q.       What are the functions of cookies?           

Ans.:  Function of Cookies:

·         Identify your computer

·         Store information about your visit to the Web site.

·         Store and report many types of information.

·         Store information about account.

Q.       What is URL?        

Ans.: URL: Uniform Resource Locator. It is the global address of documents and other resources on the World Wide Web.

Q.       List two ways you can specify a URL in your web browser.              

Ans.: The following types are:

·         Type the URL in the browser’s Address box.

·         Click a hyperlink that is linked to that URL.

Q.       What is WWW?

Ans.:  WWW: World Wide Web. The World Wide Web (abbreviated as WWW or W3 commonly known as the Web or the "Information Superhighway"), is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. The World Wide Web is the most popular and promising method of accessing the Internet. The main reason for its popularity is the use of a concept called hypertext. Hypertext is a new way of information storage and retrieval, which enables authors to structure information in novel ways.

Q.       Write down the function of WWW.

Ans.:  Function of WWW: The Web is one of the services that run on the Internet. It is a collection of text documents and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs, usually accessed by web browsers from web servers. In short, the Web can be thought of as an application "running" on the Internet.

                  Viewing a web page on the World Wide Web normally begins either by typing the URL of the page into a web browser or by following a hyperlink to that page or resource. The web browser then initiates a series of communication messages, behind the scenes, in order to fetch and display it.

Q.       Define the term FTP.

Ans.: FTP (File Transfer Protocol): FTP is an internet tool for transferring data files, programs, reports, articles, magazines, books, pictures, sounds and other types of files from thousands of sources. The process of transferring a tile from a network computer to the user’s computer is called downloading and the reverse process is known as uploading.

Q.       Define the term e-mail.

Ans.: e-mail: The most common use of the internet is for the e-mail. Anyone with an e-mail account can send messages to other users of the internet. Most e-mail programs also permit users to attach data files and program files to messages. E-mail is not a live connection between the sender of a message and its recipient. There is always a delay between the sending time of a message and its arrival time at the distention. Sometimes that delay is just a few seconds, but it is always there.