Q. What
is operation system?
Ans.: Operating
System: An operating system (OS) is a set of software that manages computer
hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs. The
operating system is a vital component of the system software in a computer
system. Application programs require an operating system to function. Android,
BSD, iOS, GNU/Linux, Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows.
Q. Write
down the function of an operation system.
Ans.: The
major functions of an OS are:
-
Process Management
-
Memory management
-
resource management,
-
File management,
-
job (task) management,
-
Security
-
Command Interpretation and
-
Standard means of communication between user and computer
Q. Define
text based operation system.
Ans.: Text
Based Operating System: A text based OS is an OS that uses commands that is
typed in instead of using a mouse and graphics. Usually used in reference to a computer
application, a text-based application
is one whose primary input and output are based on text rather than graphics or
sound. This does not mean that text-based applications do not have graphics or
sound, just that the graphics or sounds are secondary to the text. Example:
Linux, DOS.
Q. Define
GUI based operation system.
Ans.: GUI
Based Operating System: a graphical user interface is a type of user
interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices using images
rather than text commands. GUIs can be used in computers, hand-held devices
such as MP3 players, portable media players or gaming devices, household
appliances and office equipment. A GUI represents the information and actions
available to a user through graphical icons and visual indicators such as
secondary notation.
Q. Write
down the features of Multiprogramming Operating System.
Ans.: Multiprogramming:
The operating system keeps several jobs in memory simultaneously. This set of
jobs is a subset of the jobs kept in the job pool-since the number of jobs that
can be kept simultaneously in memory is usually much smaller than the number of
jobs that can be in the job pool. The operating system picks and begins to
execute one of the jobs in the main memory. Eventually, the job may have to
wait for some task, such as an I/O operation, to complete.
Q. Write
down the features of Multiprocessing Operating System.
Ans.: Multiprocessing:
Multiprocessor systems (also known as parallel systems or tightly coupled
systems) are growing in importance. Such systems have more than one processor
in close communication, sharing the computer bus, the clock, and sometimes
memory and peripheral devices. Multiprocessor systems have three main
advantages: Increased throughput, Economy of scale and Increased reliability.
Q. Describe
multiple operating systems.
Ans.: Real-time:
A real-time operating system is a multitasking operating system that aims at
executing real-time applications. The main objective of real-time operating
systems is their quick and predictable response to events.
Multi-user:
A multi-user operating system allows multiple users to access a computer
system concurrently. Time-sharing system can be classified as multi-user
systems as they enable a multiple user access to a computer through the sharing
of time.
Multi-tasking:
When the operating system allows the execution of multiple tasks at one
time, it is classified as a multi-tasking operating system. Multi-tasking can
be of two types: pre-emptive or co-operative. In pre-emptive multitasking, the
operating system slices the CPU time and dedicates one slot to each of the
programs.
Single-tasking:
When only a single program is allowed to run at a time, the system is
grouped under a single-tasking system.
Distributed:
A distributed operating system manages a group of independent computers and
makes them appear to be a single computer.
Embedded:
Embedded operating systems are designed to be used in embedded computer
systems. They are designed to operate on small machines like PDAs with less
autonomy. They are able to operate with a limited number of resources. They are
very compact and extremely efficient by design. Windows CE and Minix 3 are some
examples of embedded operating systems.
Q.
Explain the nature of real time
system.
Ans.: Nature of real time system: Real-Time
systems are becoming pervasive. A real time system is often used as a control
device in a dedicated application. Transducers and sensors bring data to the
computer. The computer must analyze the data and possibly adjust controls to
sensor inputs. Systems which control scientific experiments, medical system,
industrial control systems, and some display systems are the examples of real
time systems. Typical examples of real-time systems include Air Traffic Control
Systems, Networked Multimedia Systems, and Command Control Systems etc. In a
Real-Time System the correctness of the system behavior depends not only on the
logical results of the computations, but also on the physical instant at which
these results are produced. Real-Time systems are classified from a number of
viewpoints i.e. on factors outside the computer system and factors inside the
computer system. Special emphasis is placed on hard and soft real-time systems.
A missed deadline in hard real-time systems is catastrophic and in soft
real-time systems it can lead to a significant loss. Hence predictability of
the system behavior is the most important concern in these systems.
Predictability is often achieved by either static or dynamic scheduling of
real-time tasks to meet their deadlines. Static scheduling makes scheduling
decisions at compile time and is off-line. Dynamic scheduling is online and
uses schedule ability test to determine whether a set of tasks can meet their
deadlines. The present paper talks about static and dynamic scheduling
algorithms and operating systems support for these mechanisms.
Q.
Discuss the common services provided
by the operating system.
Ans.:
The most common services provided by the
operating system:
Processing Command: Modern operation
system allows multitasking, that is to perform multiple tasks. At the same time
with different programs.
Multitasking: Modern operating system allows multitasking,
that is to perform multiple tasks, at the same time with different programs.
Multithreading: Most applications
process data and commands sequentially, i.e. when one task is finished they
begin another.
Multi-user Support: Some operating
systems are designed so that many users can be connected to the system at the
same time.
Multi-processor Support: Some
applications need huge processing power. Some operations systems support
multiple processors – in some cases hundreds or even more.
Miscellaneous Task: An operating
system also performs the following tasks:
·
The operating system continually monitors the
system and if it detects something wrong, it outputs an error message.
·
The operating system manages the use of memory
and runs each program in its own protected space so that problem with one
program will not affect others.
·
The operating system allocates peripheral
devices for different tasks.
·
Manages file stored on disks.
Q.
What are the functions of BIOS?
Ans.: Basic
Input / Output System, the BIOS,
ROM BIOS, or System BIOS is a chip located on all
motherboards that contain instructions and setup for how your system should
boot and how it operates. There are four main functions of BIOS:
POST: Test the computer hardware and
make no errors exist before loading the operating system. Additional
information on the POST can be found on our POST and Beep Codes page.
Bootstrap Loader: Locate the operating
system. If a capable operating system is located, the BIOS will pass control to
it.
BIOS drivers: Low level drivers that
give the computer basic operational control over your computer's hardware.
BIOS or CMOS Setup: Configuration
program that allows you to configure hardware settings including system
settings such as computer passwords, time, and date.
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